A Review of Blast Loading in the Urban Environment

Urban blasts have become a significant concern in recent years. Whilst free-field are well understood, the introduction of an urban setting (or any complex geometry) gives rise to multiple blast wave interactions and unique flow complexities, significantly increasing difficulty loading predictions. This review identifies commonly agreed-upon concepts or behaviours that utilised describe shock propagation, such as channelling shielding, conjunction with exploring characterisation metrics aim predict effects on global for blast. Likewise, discrepancies contradictions highlighted promote key areas require further work clarification. Multiple numerical modelling programmes acknowledged showcase their ability act means validation preliminary testing tool. The findings contained within this inform future research decisions topics better.